Working breeds were developed to guard homes
and livestock, and to perform various duties requiring strength,
intelligence and stamina. In ancient times, when the master
was away, these dogs would fiercely watch over their human families,
offering protection from both man and beast. In times of war
they accompanied their masters into battle, fighting as four-legged
soldiers. In modern times, many have been developed for special
purposes such as police and rescue work.
Working breeds are either large or giant in
stature. Breeds like the Alaskan Malamute and Siberian Husky
were developed from wolf-like dogs that were suited for severe
weather conditions and that would have the stamina and intelligence
to pull heavy sleds for thousands of miles. Other working breeds,
such as the St. Bernard, are renowned for their courage and
intuition when performing search and rescue work in avalanche
conditions.
Because they have a protective nature, many
working breeds are aloof with strangers. For this same reason,
these dogs need to become accustomed to children at an early
age since a child’s unpredictable movements and high-pitched
voice can trigger a prey reaction in a poorly socialized dog.
The most popular working breed in the US is
the Rottweiler. Working breeds with the mildest temperaments
are the Samoyed, Saint Bernard, Siberian Husky, Portuguese Water
Dog and Newfoundland. Those with the most dominant and potentially
aggressive personalities are the Akita, Rottweiler, Boxer, Komondor
and the Doberman. Other familiar working breeds include the
Great Dane, Alaskan Malamute and Standard Schnauzer.
The more dominant breeds are not suitable for
first time dog owners unwilling to commit to formal obedience
training. With these breeds, it is especially important that
humans establish themselves as being "in charge" from
the moment a puppy is brought home. An unsocialized, poorly
trained working breed puppy can easily become an overbearing,
dominant dog.
Working breeds with thick, northern type coats
shed heavily once or twice a year. During these periods, unless
these dogs get daily brushing, carpets, couches and clothing
will be covered with the airborne hair.
Since many working dogs have a tendency to suffer
from hip dysplasia and other degenerative joint diseases, they
should only be purchased from responsible breeders that screen
their breeding stock for genetic abnormalities.
Types of Working Dogs
Akita
Alaskan Malamute
Bernese Mountain
Boxer
Bullmastiff
Doberman
Giant Schnauzer
Great Dane
Great Pyrenees
Greater Swiss Mountain
Komondor
Kuvasz
Leonberger
Mastiff
Newfoundland
Portuguese Water
Rottweiler
Saint Bernard
Samoyed
Siberian Husky